{"id":1194,"date":"2021-03-16T10:57:34","date_gmt":"2021-03-16T02:57:34","guid":{"rendered":"\/?p=1194"},"modified":"2021-03-16T10:57:35","modified_gmt":"2021-03-16T02:57:35","slug":"4-2-grep","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/xinblog.ltd\/?p=1194","title":{"rendered":"4.2.grep"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u5728\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22\u662f\u6587\u672c\u5904\u7406\u4e2d\u4e00\u9879\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7528\u4f8b,\u5982\u4f55\u4ece\u4e0a\u5343\u884c\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4e4b\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u5230\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n

grep\u547d\u4ee4\u662fUNIX\u4e2d\u7528\u4e8e\u6587\u672c\u641c\u7d22\u7684\u5927\u5e08\u7ea7\u5de5\u5177,\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u548c\u901a\u914d\u7b26,\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528grep\u547d\u4ee4\u9009\u9879\u6765\u751f\u6210\u5404\u79cd\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u8f93\u51fa<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd<\/p>\n

grep match_pattern filename<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u6837\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u5305\u542b match_pattern\u7684\u6587\u672c\u884c<\/p>\n

\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u50cf\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u6837\u4ecestdin\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6<\/p>\n

echo -e “this is a word\\nnext line” |grep word<\/p>\n

grep\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u591a\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6<\/p>\n

grep “text” file1 file2<\/p>\n

\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528–color\u5728\u8f93\u51fa\u4e2d\u91cd\u70b9\u6807\u8bb0\u5904\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6de1\u51fa<\/p>\n

grep word filename –color=auto<\/p>\n

grep\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f<\/p>\n

\u9700\u8981\u6dfb\u52a0-E\u7684\u9009\u9879<\/p>\n

\u6216\u8005\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u9ed8\u8ba4\u652f\u6301\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684grep-egrep<\/p>\n

grep -E “[a-z]+”<\/p>\n

egrep “[a-z]+”<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u8f93\u51fa\u5339\u914d\u5230\u7684\u6587\u672c\u90e8\u5206,\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u9009\u9879 -o<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u8981\u7ffb\u8f6c\u6253\u5370<\/p>\n

grep -v match_pattern file<\/p>\n

\u7edf\u8ba1\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u5339\u914d\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u884c\u6570<\/p>\n

grep -c “text” filename<\/p>\n

10<\/p>\n

-c\u53ea\u662f\u7edf\u8ba1\u7684\u5339\u914d\u884c\u7684\u6570\u91cf,\u4e0d\u662f\u5339\u914d\u6b21\u6570<\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u4e86\u7edf\u8ba1\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5339\u914d\u9879\u7684\u6570\u91cf,\u53ef\u4ee5\u5982\u4e0b\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1<\/p>\n

\"\u56fe\u7247\"<\/p>\n

\u6253\u5370\u51fa\u5305\u542b\u5339\u914d\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u884c\u6570<\/p>\n

grep linux -n sample1.txt<\/p>\n

\u6253\u5370\u6837\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u6240\u4f4d\u4e8e\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u6216\u8005\u5b57\u8282\u504f\u79fb<\/p>\n

echo gnu is not unix | grep -b -o “not”<\/p>\n

\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u504f\u79fb\u662f7,\u8bf4\u660e\u662f\u8fd9\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u7b2c7\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26<\/p>\n

\u9009\u9879 -b -o\u7ecf\u5e38\u914d\u5408\u4f7f\u7528<\/p>\n

\u641c\u7d22\u591a\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5e76\u4e14\u627e\u5230\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6587\u672c\u552f\u4e00\u54ea\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5185<\/p>\n

grep -l linux sample1.txt sample2.txt<\/p>\n

\u9012\u5f52\u641c\u7d22\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n

\u5728\u591a\u7ea7\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u5bf9\u6587\u672c\u8fdb\u884c\u9012\u5f52\u641c\u7d22,\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528<\/p>\n

grep “text” . -R -n<\/p>\n

\"\u56fe\u7247\"<\/p>\n

\u5ffd\u7565\u6837\u5f0f\u4e2d\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u5199<\/p>\n

\u9009\u9879 -i \u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u5f97\u5339\u914d\u6837\u5f0f\u4e0d\u8003\u8651\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u5199<\/p>\n

echo hello word |grep -i “HELLO”<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528grep\u5339\u914d\u591a\u4e2a\u6837\u5f0f<\/p>\n

\u6307\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6837\u5f0f,\u7136\u800c,\u4f7f\u7528\u9009\u9879-e\u6765\u6307\u5b9a\u591a\u4e2a\u5339\u914d\u6837\u5f0f<\/p>\n

grep -e “pattern1” -e “pattern”<\/p>\n

\u5728grep\u641c\u7d22\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u6216\u8005\u6392\u9664\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n

grep “main()” .-r –include *.{c,cpp}<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u6837,\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u6240\u6709\u7684.c .cpp\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n

grep “main()” . -r –exclude “README”<\/p>\n

\u6392\u9664\u4e86README\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528xargs,\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u5217\u8868\u4f5c\u4e3a\u547d\u4ee4\u884c,\u5f53\u6587\u4ef6\u5217\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u65f6\u5019,\u4ea6\u662f\u7ec8\u7ed3\u4e4b\u65f6<\/p>\n

\u800c\u4e14\u5e94\u8be5\u4f7f\u75280\u5b57\u8282\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6587\u4ef6\u7ec8\u6b62\u7b26,\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7a7a\u683c,\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5355\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u88ab\u62c6\u5206\u4e3a\u591a\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u540d<\/p>\n

New file.txt\u88ab\u89e3\u6790\u4e3aNew\u548cfile.txt\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u540d,\u800c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u5b8c\u5168\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u75280\u503c\u7684\u5b57\u8282\u540e\u7f00\u6765\u907f\u514d,\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528xargs\u6765\u4f7f\u5f97grep\u8fd9\u7c7b\u547d\u4ee4\u63a5\u6536stdin\u6587\u672c<\/p>\n

grep “test” file* -lZ | xargs -0 rm<\/p>\n

-Z\u9009\u9879\u6765\u6307\u5b9a\u6307\u5b9a\u7ec8\u7ed3\u7b26\\0,xargs -0\u8bfb\u53d6\u8f93\u5165\u5e76\u4e14\u75280\u6765\u5206\u5272\u6587\u4ef6\u540d<\/p>\n

grep\u7684\u9759\u9ed8\u8f93\u51fa<\/p>\n

-q \u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u9759\u9ed8\u8f93\u51fa,\u8fd9\u6837\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u4efb\u4f55\u7684\u8f93\u51fa,\u53ea\u662f\u8fdb\u884c\u8fd0\u884c\u547d\u4ee4,\u7136\u540e\u6839\u636e\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u6210\u529f\u4e0e\u5426\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u6837,\u8fd0\u884c\u6210\u529f\u8fd4\u56de0,\u5931\u8d25\u8fd4\u56de\u975e0\u503c<\/p>\n

\u6253\u5370\u51fa\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6587\u672c\u524d\u540e\u7684\u884c<\/p>\n

\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u7684\u6253\u5370\u662fgrep\u7684\u7279\u8272,\u5047\u8bbe\u5df2\u7ecf\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u7ed9\u5b9a\u6587\u672c\u7684\u5339\u914d\u884c,\u901a\u5e38grep\u53ea\u4f1a\u6253\u5370\u8fd9\u4e00\u884c,\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u524d\u540e\u7684n\u884c,\u90a3\u4e48\u4e5f\u80fd\u505a\u5230<\/p>\n

\u6253\u5370\u67d0\u4e2a\u7ed3\u679c\u540e\u76843\u884c,\u4f7f\u7528-A\u7684\u9009\u9879<\/p>\n

seq 10 | grep 5 -A 3<\/p>\n

\u67d0\u4e2a\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u524d\u76843\u884c \u4f7f\u7528-B\u7684\u9009\u9879<\/p>\n

seq 10 | grep 5 -B 3<\/p>\n

\u8981\u6253\u5370\u524d\u540e\u7684\u51e0\u884c,\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528-C\u7684\u9009\u9879<\/p>\n

seq 10 | grep 5 -C 3<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u5728\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22\u662f\u6587\u672c\u5904\u7406\u4e2d\u4e00\u9879\u91cd […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/xinblog.ltd\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1194"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/xinblog.ltd\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/xinblog.ltd\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/xinblog.ltd\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/xinblog.ltd\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1194"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/xinblog.ltd\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1194\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/xinblog.ltd\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1194"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/xinblog.ltd\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1194"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/xinblog.ltd\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1194"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}